Dyslexia and other Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities cause a person to have trouble learning and using certain skills. Most often affected are the skills of reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning and doing math.
A person with a learning disorder is neither stupid nor lazy. In fact, they are usually of average of higher-than-average intelligence.
Learning disabilities are very common. As of 2002, the U.S. Department of Education estimated more than three million children had some form of learning disorder.
Here are the most common forms of learning disability:
Dyslexia - a language-based learning disability in which a person has trouble understanding written words. It may also be referred to as reading disability or reading disorder.
Dyscalculia - a mathematical learning disability in which a person has a difficult time solving arithmetic problems and grasping math concepts.
Dysgraphia - a writing disability in which a person finds it hard to form letters or write within a defined space.
Auditory and Visual Processing Disorders - sensory disabilities in which a person has difficulty understanding language despite normal hearing and vision.
Diagnosis
Learning disorders are usually first noticed when a child starts school. Dyslexia, for example, may be noticed when a child is first learning to sound out words. They may look at the letter "b" but make the sound for the letter "d" instead. They may also mix-up the order of words in a sentence.
It is important to have a child tested at the first signs of a learning disorder. The earlier the problem is identified, the more quickly a child can begin getting special education assistance. They will also be able to avoid the psychological complications and poor self-esteem that can occur when a child goes un-diagnosed.
Learning disorder diagnosis involves more than just academic tests. Your doctor may ask about your child's developmental and medical history as well as your family medical history. Learning disorders tend to run in families.
In addition to educational evaluations, a child who is suspected of having a learning disorder should see a medical doctor. Vision and hearing problems can contribute to poor academic performance. They should also be evaluated by a psychiatric professional. Social problems, anxiety or depression may be limiting your child's abilities.
It is usually very obvious to educators and peers that a child is struggling but they may be labeled "stupid" or "lazy" when that is not the case at all. When in doubt, get them tested.